The Decline of British Manufacturing: A Case Study of Kettle Production
The manufacturing landscape in the United Kingdom is at a critical juncture. A recent example illustrates the challenges facing local producers: Britons may never again find an electric kettle made within their own country. Even reputable brands like Dualit, known for their iconic toasters, manufacture their kettles in China, thousands of miles away.
The Consumer’s Perspective
Most consumers tend to overlook where their products are made, believing it has little impact on their experience. However, for those who prefer products made locally, the options are dwindling. In the past, campaigns promoted by government and businesses have called for a "buy British" approach. Supermarkets, feeling pressure to support local farmers, often label their domestic produce with symbols like the Union Jack.
Despite this, the idea of reviving British manufacturing, such as kettle production, can seem outdated and politically charged. Malcolm Featherstone, a business executive and co-founder of the British Domestic Appliance Company, is attempting to change this narrative. He campaigned for the Reform Party in Harlow, Essex, but his motivation goes beyond nostalgia; it taps into current concerns about climate change and economic stability.
The Challenge of Local Production
Featherstone’s venture into kettle manufacturing under the brand name Chameleon has faced significant hurdles. Despite two rounds of fundraising efforts, investor interest remains low. Featherstone states, “everyone who is looking to invest is only really interested in two things: green finance and fintech companies.” This lack of interest highlights a broader challenge: attracting investment into traditional manufacturing sectors.
To make his business attractable, Featherstone acknowledges that his kettles will be more expensive than their Chinese counterparts—initially priced between £80 and £90. Still, he believes his kettle can attract environmentally conscious consumers who want to lower carbon emissions by purchasing locally made products. Additionally, his kettles are designed with replaceable parts, which could contribute to waste reduction.
The Global Context
Featherstone expresses frustration over the dominance of Chinese-made kettles in British stores, questioning why the UK can’t produce its own. This situation mirrors trends seen in the United States, where trade policies often favor domestic products to support local industries. Despite attempts in various countries to protect homegrown manufacturers from foreign competition, such efforts have not gained significant traction in the UK. In 2023, the UK saw a trade deficit of £188 billion in goods, indicating the challenges British manufacturers face in competing with imports.
Consumer Attitudes and Supply Chains
Featherstone hopes that economic pressures and disruptions in global supply chains will change consumer attitudes towards British-made goods. Recent events have shown how fragile these supply chains can be, leading to increased prices during periods of economic stress. Coupled with environmental concerns raised regarding fast fashion and short-lived products imported from distant locations, there might be a shift in consumer preference toward domestic products.
Moreover, ethical considerations regarding Chinese labor practices and political issues have further complicated the acceptance of Chinese goods. Many consumers are becoming more aware of the human rights violations associated with some production methods abroad, which may influence their purchasing decisions.
The Current State of Manufacturing in the UK
The state of manufacturing in the UK has noticeably declined. Official statistics show that factory output now accounts for just 8.2% of the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP), down from about 30% in 1970. However, a report from Oxford Economics and Lloyds Bank suggests that the manufacturing sector’s contribution, including related services, is more significant, estimated at £518 billion in 2022—approximately 23% of the UK’s GDP.
As the UK looks to recover from the pandemic’s economic impact, proposed industrial strategies are likely to focus on supporting local manufacturing. High energy bills pose a significant barrier for small manufacturers in the UK, with energy costs far exceeding those in countries like France and Germany.
Looking Ahead
Featherstone and others sharing his vision may find success in attracting investors if energy costs can be lowered, making local manufacturing more competitive. A robust manufacturing sector could not only support economic growth but could also enhance national pride in British-made products.
In summary, the struggle to revive British manufacturing, particularly in sectors like kettle production, reflects broader economic challenges. As consumer preferences shift and awareness grows around sustainability and ethical production, there may be renewed opportunities for local manufacturers to thrive again.
