### Exploring the Beauty of Ironweeds
Ironweeds, particularly the New York ironweed (*Vernonia noveboracensis*), are some of the tallest perennials found in gardens. While I once had only basic knowledge about these remarkable plants, a recent four-year trial conducted by Mt. Cuba Center has expanded my understanding immensely. The trial focused on ironweeds, plants loved by pollinators but typically avoided by deer.
### Understanding Mt. Cuba Center
Situated in Delaware, near Wilmington, Mt. Cuba Center is a renowned botanic garden focused on native plants and their conservation. The center started its plant trials in 2002 with the aim of promoting underappreciated plant species. Sam Hoadley, the horticultural research manager at Mt. Cuba Center, shared insights from the latest trial of 45 different ironweed species and cultivars.
### Why Study Ironweeds?
Many trails focus on plants that consumers are already familiar with, like *Echinacea*. In contrast, the trial of ironweeds aimed to shine a light on a group of plants often overlooked by gardeners. Ironweeds are gaining recognition for their adaptability and vibrant blooms, making them worthy candidates for broader inclusion in gardens.
### The Broad Range of *Vernonia*
*Vernonia* is a widespread genus found in the Eastern United States, as well as in Southeast Asia and Africa. Most native species are herbaceous perennials that offer beautiful pinkish-purple flowers, typically blooming in late summer and early fall. The trial revealed a wide range of blooming times among species, allowing for a succession of beautiful floral displays from summer to fall.
### Pollinator Interactions with Ironweeds
One fascinating aspect of the trials was observing how ironweeds attract various insects. Notably, *Melissodes denticulatus*, a specialist bee that feeds exclusively on ironweed pollen, was observed collecting snowy white pollen from the flowers. This mutual relationship significantly contributes to the lifecycle of both the plant and the bee.
### Performance Variability and Growing Conditions
During the trials, several species demonstrated exceptional resilience and adaptability. *Vernonia baldwinii*, native to the Central and Western U.S., proved to thrive even in drier soil conditions and attracted a good amount of pollinator activity. In contrast, New York ironweed struggled due to the drier than preferred soil conditions in the trial garden.
### Choosing the Right Ironweed for Your Garden
When selecting ironweed for your garden, consider the following:
1. **Growing Conditions**:
– Most ironweeds prefer full sun.
– Some species like *Vernonia glauca* can tolerate partial shade.
2. **Height and Size**:
– Plant sizes vary significantly. For smaller spaces, consider *Vernonia angustifolia*, which reaches about 4.5 to 5 feet tall.
3. **Visual Appeal**:
– Ironweeds provide aesthetic benefits in the garden with their tall stature and striking purple flowers.
4. **Companion Plants**:
– Ironweeds pair well with goldenrods, *Silphium*, and certain native grasses for a beautiful and functional garden design.
### Caring for Ironweeds
Proper planting and care significantly impact their health and productivity. Key considerations include:
– **Soil Type**: Ironweeds thrive in moist environments; thus, consider your garden’s soil type before planting.
– **Fertilization**: Over-fertilizing can lead to weak growth, making plants more susceptible to disease.
– **Cutting Back**: Techniques like the ‘Chelsea Chop’ can help manage height, encourage bushier growth, and prolong blooming seasons for certain varieties.
### Notable Ironweed Cultivars
Among the trial’s standout performers, a notable cultivar called ‘Plum Peachy’ emerged, known for its stunning foliage and adaptability. Its height makes it a great choice for smaller gardens, providing three seasons of beauty.
### Conclusion
Ironweeds are becoming increasingly recognized for their beauty and ecological value. Their tall stature and vibrant colors add visual interest to gardens while providing vital support to pollinator populations. The insights gained from Mt. Cuba Center’s trials could inspire many gardeners to explore these underappreciated plants and incorporate them into their landscapes for a beautiful and functional garden space.
### Upcoming Events
If you want to learn more about ironweeds, consider attending the virtual event at Mt. Cuba Center on March 5, where Sam Hoadley will share in-depth results from the trials.
