What Sets It Apart from Other AWD Systems?

All-wheel drive (AWD) is a feature many drivers find appealing, especially in regions that experience harsh winter conditions or require extra grip on the road. Major car manufacturers recognize this need and offer their own versions of AWD. For example, Mercedes-Benz has a system called 4MATIC, Audi is known for its Quattro, and BMW uses xDrive. The goal of these systems is to enhance traction and stability, but their functionalities can vary widely. Some systems work on demand, while others provide more advanced control by sending power to individual wheels. One standout system is Subaru’s Symmetrical AWD, which employs a unique design.

From my personal experience, I can vouch for the effectiveness of Subaru’s AWD system. I owned a 2015 Subaru Forester 2.5i Premium for three years, and it came with the Symmetrical AWD feature as standard. I tested it under various conditions, from highways to rocky East African trails. Throughout all my journeys, the system provided reliable traction and stability. Unlike typical AWD systems that respond to slippage by redistributing power, Subaru’s Symmetrical AWD continuously powers all four wheels. This helps prevent slipping before it even occurs, which is especially useful during everyday driving and in extreme weather.

Subaru’s AWD is not just exclusive to the Forester; it’s also available on other models, including the Outback, Ascent, and Impreza. However, it’s essential to note that not all Subaru AWD systems are identical. The company employs several variations of AWD to suit different models and driving requirements. This leads to a more tailored driving experience. So, how does this Symmetrical AWD actually work?

The uniqueness of Subaru’s AWD lies in its symmetrical design. In most AWD vehicles, the engine is mounted sideways, which can create inefficiencies in power delivery due to the complex routing needed to reach the axles. Subaru takes a different approach by placing its boxer engine flat and low, centered in the car. This design lowers the vehicle’s center of gravity and allows for equal-length driveshafts and suspension components, promoting even weight distribution and efficient power delivery to all wheels.

Another advantage of Subaru’s system is that it operates full-time. Whereas many AWD systems switch from front to rear-wheel drive until traction loss is detected, Subaru’s system is always engaged. This means that drivers benefit from constant traction whether they’re driving on dry roads, icy surfaces, or loose gravel.

Despite its advantages, it’s important to understand that not all Subaru Symmetrical AWD systems function the same way. The simplest version, found in manual transmission Subarus, splits power equally between the front and rear axles and only reacts when slipping occurs. More advanced versions, like the Active Torque Split AWD available in most CVT-equipped Subarus, adjust power distribution continuously based on real-time data, allowing for quicker and smoother responses. For performance vehicles like the WRX, Subaru employs Variable Torque Distribution AWD, which starts with a 45:55 power split favoring the rear wheels to enhance handling.

Subaru’s AWD has many strengths. It provides immediate power to all wheels, maximizing traction without delay. Additionally, it’s generally affordable, being standard on nearly all Subaru models—except for the BRZ—making it accessible to a broad range of buyers.

However, there are some downsides to consider. Instead of actively redistributing power to the wheels with the most traction, Subaru’s system uses a method called brake-based torque vectoring, which can be less sophisticated compared to competitors’ systems. This can affect performance in certain scenarios. Moreover, full-time AWD tends to impact fuel efficiency negatively. Since power is sent to all four wheels continuously, Subaru models may use more fuel than those with on-demand AWD systems that activate only when necessary.